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Mood repair strategies
Mood repair strategies offer techniques that an individual can use to shift their mood from general sadness or clinical depression to a state of greater contentment or happiness. A mood repair strategy is a cognitive, behavioral, and interpersonal psychological tool used to affect the mood regulation of an individual. Various mood repair strategies are most commonly used in cognitive therapy. They are commonly assigned as homework by therapists in order to help positively impact individuals who are experiencing dysphoria or depression.〔Detweiler-Bedell, J. B.,Salovey, P. ("Striving for happiness or fleeing from sadness? Motivating mood repair using differentially framed messages" ) (PDF). Dec, 2003. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Vol 22(6), pp. 627–64. 〕 However, these tools can also be used for individuals experiencing temporary unwanted moods. Many factors go into the effectiveness of mood repair strategies on an individual ranging from the client's self-esteem〔Heimpel, S. A., Wood, J. V., Marshall, M. A., Brown, J. D. "Do people with low self-esteem really want to feel better? Self-esteem differences in motivation to repair negative moods". Jan, 2002. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 82(1), pp. 128–47. PMID 11811630〕 to their experience with the strategy being used.〔 Even the way the mood repair strategy is presented (either to avoid negative moods or to pursue positive moods) may have an effect on that strategy's ability to improve mood.〔
==Background==
Mood repair strategies have existed in a casual and unscientific way for basically all of modern human history due to general affect and the desire to change that affect when it is negative. Generally the techniques could be considered "common knowledge" but these techniques were unexplored in research. Concepts such as "think happy thoughts" and "don't listen to sad music" are commonly prescribed by friends or family to those suffering in negative moods. What remained to be seen though, was how the various individuals differed and subsequently, which of these "common knowledge" concepts should be suggested or how they should be phrased when presented. The first scholarly mention of mood repair strategies came from Joseph Forgas and Gorden Bower in 1988.〔Forgas, J., Bower, G. "Affect in social judgements". 1988. Australian Journal of Psychology. Vol 40, Issue 2〕 Extensive listing and studying of these techniques started in the mid 1990s. It has primarily focused on the differences in the individuals to whom the mood repair strategies are given and how the strategies prove effective on each type of person. While various personality types may be more receptive to mood repair strategies it appears that there has been some success in working with all types of individuals.〔 Lischetzke, T. Eid, M. "Why Extraverts Are Happier Than Introverts: The Role of Mood Regulation". Aug, 2006. Journal of Personality, Vol 74(4), pp. 1127–62. PMID 16787431〕 While professional use of mood repair strategies began primarily in the clinical cognitive psychology movement the expansion of the positive psychology movement is helping to increase the professional use of these mood repair strategies.
Cognitive mood repair strategies are primarily concerned with the ability of recognizing emotional upset and taking one of three courses of action. An individual can choose to evaluate the feelings of dysphoria and better understand the source of the negative mood to give the individual a sense of control of his or her mood.〔 Chen, L., Zhou, S., Bryant, J. "Temporal changes in mood repair through music consumption: Effects of mood, mood salience, and individual differences". 2007. Media Psychology, Vol 9(3), pp. 695–713. 〕 Re-evaluation can also occur which allows for individuals to take a negative situation that cause a mood and seek to find a positive perspective from the circumstance. Distraction can also occur which allows for individuals to recall mood-incongruent memories or positive thoughts in order to distract from the current upset in mood.〔 Rusting, C. L., DeHart, T. "Retrieving positive memories to regulate negative mood: Consequences for mood-congruent memory". Apr, 2000. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 78(4), pp. 737–52. PMID 10794377 〕 Behavioral mood repair strategies allow for individuals to regulate their moods by the utilization of activities or tasks. Working on a task allows for individuals to temporarily distract from their current mood. Exercise also allows for a release of tension and an improvement of mood.〔Kovacs, M., Rottenberg, J., George, C., "Maladaptive mood repair responses distinguish young adults with early-onset depressive disorders and predict future depression outcomes". Nov, 2009. Psychological Medicine: A Journal of Research in Psychiatry and the Allied Sciences, Vol 39(11), Nov, pp. 1841–54. PMID 19379534 〕 Interpersonal mood repair strategies deal primarily with the focus of mood repair deriving from a relationship with other people. This can occur from individuals seeking out emotional support and a deeper processing of the possible circumstance that led to the negative mood. This can also be achieved by distracting the individual and being with individuals that could lift the overall positivity of the individual.〔
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